Finite copartition-product non-negativity conjecture

Prove that for all positive integers a, b, m, N, and M satisfying b divides a, a+b=m, and N\leq M, the finite copartition product g_{a,b,m}(N,M;q)=(-q^m;q^m)_{N+M-1}/[(-q^a;q^m)_N(q^b;q^m)_M] has only non-negative coefficients, equivalently g_{a,b,m}(N,M;q)\in\mathbb{N}_0[[q]].

Background

The finite product g_{a,b,m}(N,M;q) was introduced as a finite analogue of the infinite copartition product. The conjecture asserts coefficientwise non-negativity under the divisibility, balancing, and truncation conditions b\mid a, a+b=m, and N\leq M.

The paper reduces this conjecture to the diagonal case and proves it when N=1 or a=b. It also proves non-negativity through an explicit initial degree range and eventual positivity properties, but does not settle the conjecture in general.

References

Regarding this finite product, Burson and Eichhorn also proposed a conjecture on the non-negativity of its coefficients. For $a, b, m, N, M\in N$, if $b\mid a$, $a+b=m$ and $N\leq M$, then $$ g_{a, b, m}(N, M, q)\in N_0[[q]]. $$ We note that neither a complete proof nor a counterexample is available for Conjectures~\ref{conj:infinite} and \ref{conj:finite}.

— Further results on non-negativity conjectures for copartition products  (2609.16913 - Li, 15 Sep 2026) in Conjecture \ref{conj:finite}, Section 1 (Introduction)