Explain the three-fold speed relationship in alternative EUV-wave models

Explain how the successive reconnection model and the slow-mode wave model account for the approximately three-fold speed relationship between coronal fast-mode waves and coronal EIT waves.

Background

The paper contrasts the magnetic field line stretching model, which distinguishes a faster fast-mode component from a slower nonwave or EIT-wave component, with alternative explanations based on successive reconnection and slow-mode waves. In the magnetic field line stretching framework, the EIT-wave component is expected to propagate at roughly one-third the speed of the fast-mode wave under suitable coronal magnetic-field geometries.

The authors explicitly identify a gap concerning whether the successive reconnection and slow-mode wave models can reproduce this characteristic three-fold speed difference. The problem is included because explaining the observed kinematic relationship is a key requirement for any physical model of coronal EUV waves.

References

There are other models to explain the mismatch of coronal EIT waves and chromospheric Moreton waves, such as successive reconnection model or slow-mode wave model . However, it is not clear how these models can explain the three-fold relationship between coronal fast-mode waves and EIT waves.

— Kinematic Relationship Between Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Waves and Type II Metric Radio Bursts  (2609.00930 - Chandra et al., 1 Sep 2026) in Introduction