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Experimental confirmation of nonlinear Dirac-fluid hydrodynamics

Demonstrate experimentally the predicted nonlinear hydrodynamic effects in graphene’s Dirac fluid, including modifications to plasma waves and oscillations that arise from broken Galilean invariance of the linear dispersion.

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Background

In the Dirac fluid, linear dispersion breaks Galilean invariance and leads to distinct nonlinear hydrodynamic corrections. While theory predicts modified plasma dynamics and other nonlinear phenomena, clear experimental verification is still lacking, beyond recent observations of linear-response collective modes.

References

Predictions regarding modifications to plasma waves and oscillations have been made, though detailed experimental confirmation is still lacking.

— Hydrodynamics of the electronic Fermi liquid: a pedagogical overview (2504.01249 - Hui et al., 1 Apr 2025) in Section “Electron-Hole and Dirac Fluid Hydrodynamics” (subsection of Beyond Isotropic Fermi Liquid Hydrodynamics)