Existence of additional Fermat primes

Determine whether there exist any other Fermat primes of the form 2^{2^k}+1 beyond the currently known set {3, 5, 17, 257, 65537}, in order to complete the characterization of regular n-gon constructibility by ruler and compass, which depends on the prime factorization of n into powers of 2 and distinct Fermat primes.

Background

A Fermat prime is a prime of the form 2{2k}+1. In the classical ruler-and-compass problem, a regular n-gon is constructible if and only if n is of the form 2r p_1 ··* p_k where the p_i are distinct Fermat primes. Thus, the set of Fermat primes directly determines which regular polygons are constructible.

Only five Fermat primes are currently known: 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65537. The status of any further primes of this special form remains unresolved, and settling their existence would have immediate consequences for the complete classification of constructible regular polygons.

References

The only known Fermat primes are 2{20} + 1 = 3, 2{21} + 1 = 5, 2{22} + 1 = 17, 2{23} + 1 = 257, 2{24} + 1 = 65537. Whether there are any others is a longstanding open question.

Galois Theory  (2408.07499 - Leinster, 2024) in Section “Ruler and compass constructions”