Existence of higher-regularity subextremal gluing solutions

Establish whether the existence theorem for subextremal $C^0$ gluing solutions also holds for $C^k$ gluing solutions, for higher regularity classes $C^k$ as contemplated in the paper.

Background

The paper proves that for every subextremal Reissner–Nordström horizon with Q+<r+|Q_+|<r_+ and every nonzero scalar charge e\mathfrak{e}, there exists a C0C^0 gluing solution connecting a Schwarzschild exterior cone to the subextremal horizon. A remark explains that, with modifications such as smoothing the scalar-field transitions and enforcing an additional integral constraint, these constructions can be upgraded to C1C^1 solutions. The paper leaves unresolved whether the corresponding existence result holds for arbitrary higher regularity classes CkC^k.

References

Besides obtaining a tighter bound I have also left the question of the existence of higher regularity solutions open. I strongly suspect that Theorem~\ref{thm:subextremal} also holds for $Ck$ gluing solutions (cf. remark~\ref{remark:C1_modification}), but I did not try to prove this.

Scalar charge bounds for extremal black hole formation  (2608.23355 - Schneider, 24 Aug 2026) in Section “Future directions”