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Exact WKB conjecture for higher-order WKB-regular connections with strongly GMN spectral curves

Establish the following exact WKB properties for an ℏ-flat connection ∇ that is WKB-regular and whose spectral curve is strongly GMN at an unobstructed angle θ: (i) show that the Borel–Laplace transform ℒΨ of any formal WKB solution Ψ is analytically continuable along ℝ_{>0}·e^{2πiθ and is Laplace-transformable in the direction θ when z ∈ C\D is not on the θ-Stokes graph; and (ii) for z ∈ C\D, characterize that the first sheet of the analytic continuation of ℒΨ is smooth on ℝ_{>0}·e^{2πiθ minus the discrete set {m(𝒯_i, θ)·e^{2πiθ}} determined by the masses of the Stokes trees 𝒯_i passing through z.

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Background

Building on the generic existence of unobstructed spectral networks for strongly GMN spectral curves, the authors formulate an exact WKB conjecture tailored to higher-order differential equations. The conjecture connects the analytic continuation and Laplace transformability of the Borel–Laplace transform of WKB solutions to the geometry of the θ-Stokes graph and the mass spectrum of Stokes trees.

This conjecture extends classical exact WKB results known for quadratic differentials to the higher-order setting introduced in the paper, specifying analyticity domains and singularity structure in terms of the spectral network and its mass filtration.

References

Exact WKB analysis has been expected for higher order differential equations. However, we cannot find much exact conjectures on exact WKB analysis in the literature. Here, as an application of our results, we give a version of an exact conjecture. Assume $\nabla$ is WKB-regular and the spectral curve is strongly GMN. Let $\theta$ be an unobstructed angle whose existence is assured by Theorem~\ref{thm:main}. 1. If $z\in C\bs D$ is not on the Stokes graph at $\theta$, $\cL\Psi$ is analytically continuable on $\bR_{>0}\cdot e{2\pi i\theta$. Moreover, $\cL\Psi$ is Laplace transformable in the direction $\theta$. 2. Let $\cT_1,..,\cT_i,...$ be the set of Stokes trees at $\theta$ passing through $z$. Then the first sheet of the analytic continuation of $\cL\Psi$ is smooth on $\bR_{>0}\cdot e{2\pi i\theta}\bs \lc m(\cT_i, \theta)\cdot e{2\pi i\theta}\rc_i.

On the generic existence of WKB spectral networks/Stokes graphs (2408.05399 - Kuwagaki, 10 Aug 2024) in Section "Exact WKB conjecture"