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Doubling characterization for binomial Macaulay dual generators

Ascertain criteria, in terms of the exponents a_1,…,a_n and b_1,…,b_n, that characterize when the Artinian Gorenstein algebra A_F over a field of characteristic zero with binomial Macaulay dual generator F = X_1^{a_1}⋯X_n^{a_n}(X_1^{b_1}⋯X_r^{b_r} − X_{r+1}^{b_{r+1}}⋯X_n^{b_n}), 1 ≤ r ≤ n − 1, arises as a doubling (i.e., is obtained via the doubling/connected-sum construction from a Cohen–Macaulay algebra or non-reduced point scheme).

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Background

Connected sums and doubling constructions provide structural decompositions of AG algebras and enable formulae for Hilbert functions and other invariants. The paper uses such tools for specific binomial families but leaves a general characterization for binomial Macaulay dual generators open.

Clarifying when A_F is a doubling would link structural and homological properties, including potential pathways to minimal free resolutions.

References

In this last section we would like to formulate the open problems appearing in the introduction in the concrete case of AG algebras having binomial Macaulay dual generator. In the authors solved all the above problems in the codimension 3 case ($n=3$), while for arbitrary codimenson the problems are largely open, although partial results to some of them are given in previous sections of this paper.

New families of Artinian Gorenstein algebras with the weak Lefschetz property (2502.16687 - Altafi et al., 23 Feb 2025) in Section 4, Open problems