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Define BH boundary via cores and QLHs in general spacetimes

Prove that in general (non-spherically symmetric) spacetimes admitting trapped surfaces there exists a preferred core whose boundary is a preferred quasi-local horizon surface, thereby providing a definitive quasi-local definition of a dynamical black hole boundary; begin by extending the spherical results to axisymmetric spacetimes.

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Background

In spherical symmetry, the boundary of the unique spherical core coincides with the unique spherical QLH, offering a clean quasi-local characterization of the black hole boundary. Beyond spherical symmetry, trapped regions and their boundaries exhibit nonlocal features analogous to EH teleology, complicating a canonical definition.

Establishing existence of a preferred core and corresponding QLH in axisymmetric and then general spacetimes would resolve foundational questions—what a dynamical black hole is and where its boundary lies—within a quasi-local geometric framework.

References

Open Issue 12 (OI-12) Can this line of reasoning be completed? If so, central foundational questions, "What is a BH?" and "What is its boundary?", would be answered in a single stroke. One could first attempt to extend the arguments in to axisymmetric space-times, following a parallel line of reasoning.

Quasi-Local Black Hole Horizons: Recent Advances (2502.11825 - Ashtekar et al., 17 Feb 2025) in Section 7 (Discussion)