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Precise bounds for late-forming charged PBHs using full emission histories

Derive precise observational constraints on late-forming charged primordial black holes produced in this scenario by modeling their full time-dependent emission histories rather than using averaged approximations, and determine how Big Bang Nucleosynthesis bounds differ for delayed black holes compared to standard assumptions.

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Background

For small gauge coupling, the black holes formed are charged under the broken dark U(1) and can be near-extremal at formation, altering their evaporation. The paper provides approximate constraints by mapping to decaying-particle limits and notes that accurate bounds require time-resolved emission histories.

In particular, BBN limits—recently re-evaluated for standard PBHs—may differ for delayed and charged PBHs, motivating a dedicated, precise treatment.

References

One would have to consider these black holes' unique evolution history (rather than taking averages), to get precise constraints. An interesting extension would be to study how these bounds differ in the case of the delayed black holes presented in this work. We leave these more careful treatments to future work.

— Dissipative Dark Cosmology: From Early Matter Dominance to Delayed Compact Objects (2405.04575 - Bramante et al., 7 May 2024) in Section 5.2 (Black Holes)