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Conjecture: ∃ℝ-hardness for maximum-degree-4 penny graph recognition

Prove that recognizing penny graphs remains complete for the existential theory of the reals when restricted to input graphs of maximum degree 4.

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Background

Building on their hardness construction (which can be adapted to avoid degree-6 vertices), the authors suggest that ∃ℝ-hardness should persist even when the input graph has maximum degree 4, although this is not yet established.

References

We conjecture that the penny graph recognition problems remains -hard for maximum degree 4.

Recognizing Penny and Marble Graphs is Hard for Existential Theory of the Reals (2508.10136 - Lubiw et al., 13 Aug 2025) in Section 7 (Open Questions)