Characterization of class-2 projective planar r-graphs for r>3

Characterize all class-2 projective planar r-graphs for integers r>3, including determining whether constructions other than the described Petersen-based constructions exist.

Background

The paper defines Petersen-based constructions, called PM-like r-graphs, and shows that every such graph is class 2. It also exhibits infinitely many projective planar 4-graphs of class 2 that are not PM-like, demonstrating that these constructions do not provide a complete classification even when r=4. The authors therefore identify the complete characterization for r>3 as unresolved and explicitly note the possibility of further constructions.

References

The complete characterization of the projective planar $r$-graphs of class 2 for $r>3$ seems to be a hard problem. There might be other constructions of class 2 projective planar $r$-graphs than the aforementioned ones.

Edge-coloring 4- and 5-regular projective planar graphs with no Petersen-minor  (2512.14285 - Kidner et al., 16 Dec 2025) in Section 6, Concluding remarks