Caro–Roditty conjecture for zero-sum tree embeddings

Prove that for integers m≥k≥2 with k dividing m, every graph G with minimum degree at least n+k−2 forces, under every Z_k-edge-colouring, a zero-sum modulo k copy of every tree T_n on n=m+1 vertices.

Background

This conjecture proposes a minimum-degree condition guaranteeing zero-sum copies of trees under group-valued edge-colourings. If true, it would imply the upper bound R(T_n,Z_k)≤n+k−1, and in particular R(T_n,Z_3)≤n+2. The paper uses this implication as motivation for its results but does not prove the conjecture in full generality.

References

Amongst the many open problems remaining concerning trees, we mention the following conjecture.

On zero-sum Ramsey numbers modulo 3  (2502.03864 - Caro et al., 6 Feb 2025) in Section 1, subsection “Determining R(G, Z_3),” Conjecture 1 (Caro–Roditty)