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BPP is not contained in P^NP (communication setting)

Show that the class BPP of polylogarithmic-cost public-coin randomized communication problems is not contained in P^NP, the class solvable by polylogarithmic-cost deterministic communication with NP-oracle queries charged by nondeterministic complexity.

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Background

Impagliazzo–Williams proved strong lower bounds for PNP via weighted rectangle ratio, and known BPP examples (e.g., Integer Inner Product) suggest BPP may transcend PNP. However, no unconditional separation is known in the communication-class setting.

A separation would mark a major advance in the structural understanding of randomized vs. oracle-aided deterministic communication.

References

\begin{conjecture}\label{conj:bppvsPNP} $BPP\not\subseteq P{}$. \end{conjecture}

Structure in Communication Complexity and Constant-Cost Complexity Classes (2401.14623 - Hatami et al., 26 Jan 2024) in Conjecture 5.2, Section 5.1 (The power of randomness: BPP)