Total mass of the IM1 bolide

Ascertain the total mass of the meteoroid responsible for the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) fireball, beyond the lower limit inferred from ablated mass based on satellite-detected radiation energy.

Background

The paper uses the satellite-measured fireball energy to estimate a lower limit of ~500 kg for the mass ablated during IM1’s atmospheric entry, but notes that the total mass of the meteoroid is unknown. This parameter is key to modeling IM1’s fragmentation, ablation, and strewn field formation, and to constraining event-scale material budgets.

A refined total mass would improve number-density estimates of spherules, collision probabilities, and interpretations of recovered material distributions relative to IM1’s trajectory.