Alternating increasing permutations as minimizers

Prove that the limit \(c_{\mathrm{alt}}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\beta(\mathrm{Alt}_n)/n^2\) exists and equals the stated variational expression, establish \(c_-=c_{\mathrm{alt}}\), and show that \(\mathrm{Alt}_k\) minimizes \(\beta\) over all permutations in \(\Pi_k\) for every \(k\).

Background

The quantity βk−\beta_k^- is the minimum expected online embedding time over all permutations of size kk. Numerical evidence suggests that it is attained by the alternating increasing permutation Altk=(2,1,4,3,…)\mathrm{Alt}_k=(2,1,4,3,\ldots). The conjecture has three progressively stronger parts: existence and an explicit formula for the asymptotic constant, asymptotic optimality, and exact optimality for every finite size.

References

We believe the following (stated in increasing order of difficulty).

— Online Permutation Embedding: Optimal Stopping and Scaling Laws  (2608.19050 - Altschuler et al., 19 Aug 2026) in Section 1, subsection "Open problems", Conjecture [Minimizer of \(\beta\)]

The next open question is related to universality in the online setting, i.e., the task of embedding all permutations simultaneously.

— Online Permutation Embedding: Optimal Stopping and Scaling Laws  (2608.19050 - Altschuler et al., 19 Aug 2026) in Section 1, subsection "Open problems", Question [Online universality]

What remains of the theory when the iid stream is replaced by a stream with strong dependencies?

— Online Permutation Embedding: Optimal Stopping and Scaling Laws  (2608.19050 - Altschuler et al., 19 Aug 2026) in Section 1, subsection "Open problems", Question [Structured host]