Influence of density-dependent bag function $B(n)$ on strange stars for non-zero strange quark mass ($m_s\neq0$) in $f(R,T)$ gravity consistent with observational validation (2505.08379v1)

Abstract: In this work a new class of solution of Einstein field equation for isotropic strange star using Mak and Harko density profile in the context of MIT bag model equation of state considering finite value of strange quark mass ($m_s$) is presented using the framework of modified gravity $f(R,T)=R+2\zeta T$, where, $\zeta$ is the coupling parameter. To incorporate quark core hypothesis with a physically viable stellar framework a baryon number density ($n$) dependent bag constant $B(n)$ has been analysed, using exponential type parametrisation. The energy per baryon ($E_B$) has been investigated to restrict $B(n)$ within stable window, specifically satisfying the condition $E_B\leq 930.4~MeV$, which corresponds to the binding energy of $\isotope[56]{Fe}$. Also it has been noted that $n$ has a maximum value of $0.36~fm^{-3}$ irrespective of $m_s$. As with decreasing $n$, $E_B$ rises, there is a lower limit of $n$ which depends on $m_s$. It has been observed that all the essential characteristics are satisfactorily fulfilled within the stellar interior for the selected set of parameter space. Maximum mass and radius in this model is found by numerically solving the TOV equations which gives a mass of about $2.02~M_{\odot}$ with a radius of $11.44~km$. The proposed model has been shown to comply with the required energy conditions and satisfies the criterion for dynamical stability, thereby confirming its physical plausibility as a physically consistent stellar model within the parameter space used.