Dynamical Wormhole Solutions in $f(R, T)$ Gravity

Abstract: A class of $f(R, T)$ theories extends the Einstein-Hilbert action by incorporating a general function of $R$ and $T$, the Ricci scalar and the trace of the ordinary energy-momentum tensor $T_{\mu\nu}$, respectively, thereby introducing a specific modification to the Einstein's field equations based on matter fields. Given that this modification is intrinsically tied to an energy-momentum tensor $T_{\mu\nu}$ that a priori respects energy conditions, we explore the potential of $f(R, T)$ theories admitting wormhole configurations satisfying energy conditions, unlike General Relativity, which typically necessitates exotic matter sources. Consequently, we investigate the existence of dynamical wormhole geometries that either uphold energy conditions or minimize their violations within the framework of trace of energy-momentum squared gravity. To ensure the generality of our study, we consider two distinct equations of state for the matter content and systematically classify possible solutions based on constraints related to the wormhole's throat size, the coupling parameter of the theory, and the equation of state parameters.