New accelerating cosmology without dark energy: The particle creation approach and the reduced relativistic gas

Abstract: The standard procedure to explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe is to assume the existence of an exotic component with negative pressure, generically called dark energy. Here, we propose a new accelerating flat cosmology without dark energy, driven by the negative creation pressure of a reduced relativistic gas (RRG). When the hybrid dark matter of the RRG is identified with cold dark matter, it describes the so-called CCDM cosmology whose dynamics is equivalent to the standard $\Lambda$CDM model at both the background and perturbative levels (linear and nonlinear). This effect is quantified by the creation parameter $\alpha$. However, when the pressure from the RRG slightly changes the dynamics of the universe, as measured by a parameter $b$, the model departs slightly from the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Therefore, this two-parametric model ($\alpha, b$) describes a new scenario whose dynamics is different but close to the late-time scenarios predicted by CCDM and $\Lambda$CDM models. The free parameters of the RRG model with creation are constrained based on SNe Ia data (Pantheon+SH0ES) and also using $H(z)$ from cosmic clocks. In principle, this mild distinction in comparison with both CCDM or $\Lambda$CDM may help alleviate some cosmological problems plaguing the current standard cosmology.