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Possible principles for aligned structure learning agents (2410.00258v1)

Published 30 Sep 2024 in cs.AI and q-bio.NC

Abstract: This paper offers a roadmap for the development of scalable aligned AI from first principle descriptions of natural intelligence. In brief, a possible path toward scalable aligned AI rests upon enabling artificial agents to learn a good model of the world that includes a good model of our preferences. For this, the main objective is creating agents that learn to represent the world and other agents' world models; a problem that falls under structure learning (a.k.a. causal representation learning). We expose the structure learning and alignment problems with this goal in mind, as well as principles to guide us forward, synthesizing various ideas across mathematics, statistics, and cognitive science. 1) We discuss the essential role of core knowledge, information geometry and model reduction in structure learning, and suggest core structural modules to learn a wide range of naturalistic worlds. 2) We outline a way toward aligned agents through structure learning and theory of mind. As an illustrative example, we mathematically sketch Asimov's Laws of Robotics, which prescribe agents to act cautiously to minimize the ill-being of other agents. We supplement this example by proposing refined approaches to alignment. These observations may guide the development of artificial intelligence in helping to scale existing -- or design new -- aligned structure learning systems.

Summary

  • The paper proposes a novel framework based on active inference and Bayesian structure learning to align AI agents with human values.
  • It leverages core knowledge priors and multi-scale generative models to optimize causal explanations without overfitting data.
  • It discusses innovative approaches to AI safety, emphasizing empathetic modeling and theory of mind to achieve human-centric alignment.

Structured Intelligence and AI Alignment: An Overview

The paper "Possible principles for aligned structure learning agents" presents a comprehensive framework for developing scalable and aligned artificial intelligence. This framework is constructed on the foundation of active inference, a first principles approach that has gained traction within both cognitive science and artificial intelligence communities. Below, an expert-level overview is provided, analyzing the key aspects and implications of the paper.

First Principles Approach to Intelligence

The paper embraces active inference, modeled after principles of statistical physics and cognitive science. This model presents intelligence as a process of optimizing generative models of the world—ensuring that an agent's perception and actions are inherently adaptive through Bayesian inference. The mathematical rigor within the framework aligns it with Bayesian mechanics, targeting both biological and artificial agents.

Bayesian Structure Learning

At the heart of this research is the pursuit of scalable structure learning, a crucial step in enabling agents to form accurate representations of their environment. Structure learning involves inferring Bayesian networks from data—integrating latent states, causal parameters, and relationships in a holistic manner. The essence of this challenge lies in optimizing model evidence, thereby crafting coherent causal explanations for observed phenomena, without overfitting or underfitting the available data.

Generative Model Frameworks

The authors present innovative ideas for refining the search space of models through core knowledge priors, advocating for 'universal' generative models that remain interpretable and tractable. This section explores the expressive capacity of Markov and POMDP processes, framing them as foundational elements for modeling discrete and continuous dynamics. The hierarchical nature of these models allows for multi-scale inference, crucial for representing complex agent-environment interactions.

Methodological Developments

The research synthesizes existing methodologies like Bayesian model reduction and particle variational inference while proposing enhancements for managing structural uncertainty in causal networks. The focus on information geometry and empirical priors introduces a sophisticated layer of consistency in optimizing model spaces, enhancing both scalability and biological plausibility of these computational models.

AI Alignment through Empathy and Structure Learning

One of the notable discussions revolves around utilizing active inference for AI alignment. Here, alignment is conceptualized through empathetic agents that model other agents’ preferences and well-being, using these insights to act in accordance with Asimov’s Laws of Robotics. The emphasis on learning actionable models of others' intentions places theory of mind at the forefront, proposing a mechanism by which AI can navigate complex social landscapes safely and beneficially.

Implications and Future Directions

The implications of this research are broad, spanning AI safety, cognitive modeling, and computational psychiatry. The alignment principles presented suggest new pathways for intelligent systems that not only understand but align with human values. Speculations on free-energy equilibria further enrich the dialogue, proposing novel avenues for achieving symbiotic environments where diverse intelligent systems coexist productively.

Conclusion

This paper sets a foundational standard for approaching AI development from a structured intelligence standpoint, leveraging models that reflect both the richness and constraints of natural intelligence. As AI systems evolve, these principles will likely guide the creation of more adaptable, interpretable, and responsible innovations in artificial intelligence. This exploration marks a promising stride towards realizing systems that can safely and effectively integrate into human-centric environments.