Long-lived Sterile Neutrino Searches at Future Muon Colliders

Abstract: We explore the potential of studying sterile neutrinos at a future high-energy muon collider, where these particles can generate small active neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism and exhibit long-lived particle signatures. A Dirac sterile neutrino model with ${\rm U(1)}{L\mu-L_\tau}$ symmetry is introduced, where the heavy right-handed neutrino ($N_R$) produces tiny active neutrino masses, and the light left-handed neutrino ($N_L$) naturally behaves as a long-lived particle. The ${\rm U(1)}{L\mu-L_\tau}$ gauge symmetry also enhances sterile neutrino pair production at a future high-energy muon collider. Using the displaced vertex method, the muon collider can search for heavy sterile neutrino, especially for $m_L> m_W$. We find that a muon collider with $\sqrt{s} = 3~ (10)$ TeV and luminosity $L=1~(10)$ ab$^{-1}$ can probe $N_L$ masses of $m_L \in [100,~1500~(5000)]$ GeV and mixing angles $\theta_{\nu L} \in [10^{-13},~10^{-6}]$.