Enhanced Cherenkov radiation in twisted hyperbolic Van der Waals crystals

Abstract: Cherenkov radiation in artificial structures experiencing strong radiation enhancements promises important applications in free-electron quantum emitters, broadband light sources, miniaturized particle detectors, etc. However, the momentum matching condition between the swift electron and emitted photons generally restricts the radiation enhancement to a particular momentum. Efficient Cherenkov radiation over a wide range of momenta is highly demanded for many applications but has still remained a challenging task. To this end, we explore the interaction between a swift electron and twisted hyperbolic Van der Waals crystals, and observe enhanced Cherenkov radiation at the flatband resonance frequency. We show that, at the photonic magic angle of the twisted crystals, the electron momentum, once matching with that of the flatband photon, gives rise to a maximum energy loss (corresponding to the surface phonon generation), one-order of magnitude higher than that in conventional hyperbolic materials. Such a significant enhancement is attributed to the excitation of flatband surface phonon polaritons over a broad momentum range. Our findings provide a feasible route to highly directional free-electron radiation and radiation shaping.