Phase Transition in the Quantum Capacity of Quantum Channels

Abstract: Determining the capacities of quantum channels is one of the fundamental problems of quantum information theory. This problem is extremely challenging and technically difficult, allowing only lower and upper bounds to be calculated for certain types of channels. In this paper, we prove that every quantum channel $\Lambda$ in arbitrary dimension, when contaminated by white noise in the form $\Lambda_x(\rho)=(1-x)\Lambda(\rho)+x\tr(\rho) \frac{I}{d}$, completely loses its capacity of transmitting quantum states when $x\geq \frac{1}{2}$, no matter what type of encoding and decoding is used. In other words, the quantum capacity of the channel vanishes in this region. To show this, we find a channel ${\cal N}_x$, which anti-degrades the depolarizing channel when $x\geq \frac{1}{2}$. We also find the quantum capacity of the complement of the depolarizing channel in closed form. Besides the erasure channel, this is the only example of a parameteric channel in arbitrary dimension for which the quantum capacity has been calculated in closed form.