Approaches to conservative Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics with entropy

Abstract: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is typically used for barotropic fluids, where the pressure depends only on the local mass density. Here, we show how to incorporate the entropy into the SPH, so that the pressure can also depend on the temperature, while keeping the growth of the total entropy, conservation of the total energy, and symplecticity of the reversible part of the SPH equations. The SPH system of ordinary differential equations with entropy is derived by means of the Poisson reduction and the Lagrange-Euler transformation. We present several approaches towards SPH with entropy, which are then illustrated on systems with discontinuities, on adiabatic and nonadiabatic expansion, and on the Rayleigh-Beenard convection without the Boussinesq approximation. Finally, we show how to model hyperbolic heat conduction within the SPH, extending the SPH variables with not only entropy but also a heat-flux-related vector field.