Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
2000 character limit reached

Designing for Projection-based Communication between Autonomous Vehicles and Pedestrians (2403.06429v1)

Published 11 Mar 2024 in cs.HC

Abstract: Recent studies have investigated new approaches for communicating an autonomous vehicle's (AV) intent and awareness to pedestrians. This paper adds to this body of work by presenting the design and evaluation of in-situ projections on the road. Our design combines common traffic light patterns with aesthetic visual elements. We describe the iterative design process and the prototyping methods used in each stage. The final design concept was represented as a virtual reality simulation and evaluated with 18 participants in four different street crossing scenarios, which included three scenarios that simulated various degrees of system errors. We found that different design elements were able to support participants' confidence in their decision even when the AV failed to correctly detect their presence. We also identified elements in our design that needed to be more clearly communicated. Based on these findings, the paper presents a series of design recommendations for projection-based communication between AVs and pedestrians.

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (44)
  1. Michael Ainslie. 2010. Principles of Sonar Performance Modelling. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87662-5
  2. Gap Acceptance and Time-To-Arrival Estimates As Basis for Informal Communication Between Pedestrians and Vehicles. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1145/3122986.3122995
  3. A Video-based Study Comparing Communication Modalities Between an Autonomous Car and a Pedestrian. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI ’18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1145/3239092.3265950
  4. Eyes on a Car: An Interface Design for Communication Between an Autonomous Car and a Pedestrian. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1145/3122986.3122989
  5. Evaluation of Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication Displays for Autonomous Vehicles. https://trid.trb.org/View/1437891
  6. Car Exterior Surface Displays: Exploration in a Real-World Context. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (PerDis ’18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 7, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3205873.3205880
  7. A Design Space for External Displays on Cars. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Adjunct (AutomotiveUI ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1145/3131726.3131760
  8. Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling. https://doi.org/10.1145/2817721.2817748
  9. Nigel Davies. 2018. Saturated Display Environments. Keynote at International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (PerDis ’18) (2018).
  10. Debargha Dey and Jacques Terken. 2017. Pedestrian Interaction with Vehicles: Roles of Explicit and Implicit Communication. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 109–113. https://doi.org/10.1145/3122986.3123009
  11. To Walk or Not to Walk: Crowdsourced Assessment of External Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Displays. CoRR abs/1707.02698 (2017). arXiv:1707.02698 http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.02698
  12. Workshop on User-Centered Design for Automated Driving Systems. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Adjunct (AutomotiveUI ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1145/3131726.3131734
  13. Autonomous vehicles: scientometric and bibliometric review. Transport Reviews (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2018.1518937
  14. A pedestrian’s stare and drivers’ stopping behavior: A field experiment at the pedestrian crossing. Safety Science 75 (06 2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.01.018
  15. Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians. Frontiers in Psychology 9 (2018), 1336. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01336
  16. Kai Holländer. 2018. Applying the User-Centered Design Process to External Car Displays. In Mensch und Computer 2018 - Workshopband, Raimund Dachselt and Gerhard Weber (Eds.). Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Bonn.
  17. SAE International. 2018. Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles. https://doi.org/10.4271/J3016_201806
  18. Lee Jones. 2018. Your Body of Water: A Display that Visualizes Aesthetic Heart Rate Data from a 3D Camera. Figure 1 (2018), 286–291. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173225.3173284
  19. Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction. Wiley Publishing.
  20. To Cross or Not to Cross: Urgency-Based External Warning Displays on Autonomous Vehicles to Improve Pedestrian Crossing Safety. https://doi.org/10.1145/3239060.3239082
  21. Communicating Awareness and Intent in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 429, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174003
  22. Policy and society related implications of automated driving: A review of literature and directions for future research. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 21, 4 (2017), 324–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351
  23. Ltd NISSAN MOTOR Co. [n. d.]. GPS Mobile ITS for Pedestrian Safety. Retrieved April 2, 2019 from https://www.nissan-global.com/EN/TECHNOLOGY/OVERVIEW/gps_mobile_its.html.
  24. A framework for designing interactions between pedestrians and driverless cars. Proceedings of the 30th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (2018), 359–363. https://doi.org/10.1145/3292147.3292218
  25. Investigating User Needs for Non-driving-related Activities During Automated Driving. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia (MUM ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1145/3012709.3012735
  26. Mary Pietrowicz and Karrie Karahalios. 2013. Sonic Shapes : Vocal Sonic Shapes :. International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD) 2013 (2013), 157–164.
  27. Anantha Pillai. 2017. Virtual Reality based Study to Analyse Pedestrian Attitude towards Autonomous Vehicles. (2017).
  28. Agreeing to cross: How drivers and pedestrians communicate. In 2017 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2017.7995730
  29. Are They Going to Cross? A Benchmark Dataset and Baseline for Pedestrian Crosswalk Behavior. In The IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops.
  30. Towards Social Autonomous Vehicles: Understanding Pedestrian-Driver Interactions. In 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). 729–734. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569324
  31. Understanding Pedestrian Behavior in Complex Traffic Scenes. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 3, 1 (March 2018), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2017.2788193
  32. Amir Rasouli and John K. Tsotsos. 2018. Autonomous Vehicles that Interact with Pedestrians: A Survey of Theory and Practice. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems PP (2018), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2019.2901817
  33. A. Rasouli and J. K. Tsotsos. 2019. Autonomous Vehicles That Interact With Pedestrians: A Survey of Theory and Practice. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (2019), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2019.2901817
  34. Ghost driver: A field study investigating the interaction between pedestrians and driverless vehicles. In 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). 795–802. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2016.7745210
  35. Ben Shelton and Keith Nesbitt. 2017. Evaluating WaveWatch: an ambient display of web traffic. Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference, ACSW 2017, Geelong, Australia, January 31 - February 3, 2017 (2017), 9:1–9:9. https://doi.org/10.1145/3014812.3014821
  36. Response in an Immersive Virtual. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (2009), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2009.55
  37. How we experience immersive virtual environments: The concept of presence and its measurement. Anuario de Psicologia 40, 2 (2009), 193–210.
  38. Taking steps: the influence of a walking technique on presence in virtual reality. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 2, 3 (2002), 201–219. https://doi.org/10.1145/210079.210084
  39. Pedestrian-driver communication and decision strategies at marked crossings. Accident Analysis and Prevention 102 (2017), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.02.018
  40. Gert J. Van Tonder and Michael J. Lyons. 2005. Visual perception in Japanese rock garden design. Axiomathes 15, 3 (2005), 353–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10516-004-5448-8
  41. Evaluating Effects of User Experience and System Transparency on Trust in Automation. 2017 12th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI (2017), 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1145/2909824.3020230
  42. Pedestrian gap acceptance for mid-block street crossing. Transportation planning and technology 36, 5 (2013), 450–462.
  43. Evaluation of an Autonomous Vehicle External Communication System Concept: A Survey Study. In Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation, Neville A Stanton (Ed.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 650–661.
  44. Xiangling Zhuang and Changxu Wu. 2014. Pedestrian gestures increase driver yielding at uncontrolled mid-block road crossings. Accident Analysis & Prevention 70 (2014), 235 – 244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.12.015
Citations (76)
View on Semantic Scholar

Summary

We haven't generated a summary for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Summarize Now

Whiteboard

Open Problems

We haven't generated a list of open problems mentioned in this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Generate Now

Continue Learning

We haven't generated follow-up questions for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Generate Now

Collections

Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.

User Circle Single Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Sign Up

Tweets

Sign up for free to view the 1 tweet with 0 likes about this paper.

User Circle Single Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Sign Up for Free