Tautological characteristic classes II: the Witt class (2403.05255v1)

Abstract: Let $K$ be an arbitrary infinite field. The cohomology group $H^2(SL(2,K), H_2\,SL(2,K))$ contains the class of the universal central extension. When studying representations of fundamental groups of surfaces in $SL(2,K)$ it is useful to have classes stable under deformations (Fenchel--Nielsen twists) of representations. We identify the maximal quotient of the universal class which is stable under twists as the Witt class of Nekovar. The Milnor--Wood inequality asserts that an $SL(2,{\bf R})$-bundle over a surface of genus $g$ admits a flat structure if and only if its Euler number is $\leq (g-1)$. We establish an analog of this inequality, and a saturation result for the Witt class. The result is sharp for the field of rationals, but not sharp in general.