Mordell--Tornheim Zeta Values, Their Alternating Version, and Their Finite Analogs

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we consider the classical Mordell--Tornheim zeta values and their alternating version. It is well-known that these values can be expressed as rational linear combinations of multiple zeta values (MZVs) and the alternating MZVs, respectively. We show that, however, the spaces generated by these values over the rational numbers are in general much smaller than the MZV space and the alternating MZV space, respectively, which disproves a conjecture of Bachmann, Takeyama and Tasaka. Second, we study supercongruences of some finite sums of multiple integer variables. This kind of congruences is a variation of the so called finite multiple zeta values when the moduli are primes instead of prime powers. In general, these objects can be transformed to finite analogs of the Mordell--Tornheim sums which can be reduced to multiple harmonic sums. This approach not only simplifies the proof of a few previous results but also generalizes some of them. At the end of the paper, we also provide a conjecture supported by strong numerical evidence.