Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
2000 character limit reached

JMAC Protocol: A Cross-Layer Multi-Hop Protocol for LoRa (2312.08387v1)

Published 12 Dec 2023 in cs.NI

Abstract: The emergence of Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies allowed the development of revolutionary Internet Of Things (IoT) applications covering large areas with thousands of devices. However, connectivity may be a challenge for non-line-of-sight indoor operation or for areas without good coverage. Technologies such as LoRa and Sigfox allow connectivity for up to 50,000 devices per cell, several devices that may be exceeded in many scenarios. To deal with these problems, this paper introduces a new multi-hop protocol, called JMAC, designed for improving long range wireless communication networks that may support monitoring in scenarios such smart cities or Industry 4.0. JMAC uses the LoRa radio technology to keep low consumption and extend coverage area, and exploits the potential mesh behaviour of wireless networks to improve coverage and increase the number of supported devices per cell. \mbox{JMAC is} based on predictive wake-up to reach long lifetime on sensor devices. Our proposal was validated using the OMNeT++ simulator to analyze how it performs under different conditions with promising results

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (66)
  1. A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT deployment. ICT Express 2019, 5, 1–7.
  2. IoT: The era of LPWAN is starting now. In Proceedings of the ESSCIRC Conference 2016: 42nd European Solid-State Circuits Conference, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2016; pp. 25–30.
  3. LoRa Alliance. About LoraWAN®. Available online: https://lora-alliance.org/about-lorawan (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  4. Lora physical layer principle and performance analysis. In Proceedings of the 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), Bordeaux, France, 2018; pp. 65–68.
  5. Sigfox. Sigfox-The Global Communications Service Provider for the Internet of Things (IoT). Available online: https://www.sigfox.com (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  6. DASH7 Alliance. DASH7 Alliance—An open Specification. Available online: https://dash7-alliance.org (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  7. Weightless. Weightless—Setting the standard for IoT. Available online: http://www.weightless.org (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  8. Positioning for the internet of things: A 3GPP perspective. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2017, 55, 179–185.
  9. Overview of 3GPP release 14 enhanced NB-IoT. IEEE Netw. 2017, 31, 16–22.
  10. Overview of 3GPP release 14 further enhanced MTC. IEEE Commun. Stand. Mag. 2018, 2, 84–89.
  11. OMNeT++. OMNeT++: Discrete Event Simulator. Available online: https://omnetpp.org/ (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  12. López Escobar, J. J. FLoRaPHY Available online: https://github.com/juanjole/FLoRaPHY (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  13. LoRa Alliance. LoRa Alliance. Available online: https://lora-alliance.org/ (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  14. The Things Network. The Things Network. Available online: https://www.thethingsnetwork.org (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  15. The Things Industries. The Things Industries. Available online: https://www.thethingsindustries.com (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  16. Chirp spread spectrum as a modulation technique for long range communication. In Proceedings of the 2016 Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technologies (SCVT), Mons, Belgium, 2016; pp. 1–5.
  17. Semtech. AN1200.22: LoRa™Modulation Basics. Available online: https://semtech.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#E0000000JelG/a/2R0000001OJa/2BF2MTeiqIwkmxkcjjDZzalPUGlJ76lLdqiv.30prH8 (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  18. Semtech. LoRa®and LoRaWAN®:A Technical Overview. Available online: https://lora-developers.semtech.com/uploads/documents/files/LoRa_and_LoRaWAN-A_Tech_Overview-Downloadable.pdf (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  19. Decoding LoRa: Realizing a modern LPWAN with SDR. In Proceedings of the GNU Radio Conference, Bourlder, USA, 2016; Volume 1.
  20. Towards an SDR implementation of LoRa: Reverse-engineering, demodulation strategies and assessment over Rayleigh channel. Comput. Commun. 2020, 153, 595–605.
  21. Impact of LoRa imperfect orthogonality: Analysis of link-level performance. IEEE Commun. Lett. 2018, 22, 796–799.
  22. Lora backscatter: Enabling the vision of ubiquitous connectivity. Proc. Acm Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 2017, 1, 1–24.
  23. Investigating theoretical performance and demodulation techniques for lora. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 20th International Symposium on “A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks” (WoWMoM), Washington DC, USA, 2019; pp. 1–6.
  24. LoRa Alliance. LoRaWAN® Back-End Interfaces v1.0. Available online: https://lora-alliance.org/resource-hub/lorawanr-back-end-interfaces-v10 (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  25. LoRa Alliance. LoRaWAN® Regional Parameters RP002-1.0.0. Available online: https://lora-alliance.org/resource-hub/lorawanr-regional-parameters-rp002-100 (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  26. LoRa Alliance. LoRaWAN® Specification v1.0.3. Available online: https://lora-alliance.org/resource-hub/lorawanr-specification-v103 (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  27. LoRa Alliance. LoRaWAN® Specification v1.1. Available online: https://lora-alliance.org/resource-hub/lorawanr-specification-v11 (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  28. OMNEST. OMNEST: High-Performance Simulation for All Kinds of Networks. Available online: https://omnest.com/ (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  29. OMNeT++. INET Framework. Available online: https://inet.omnetpp.org/ (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  30. FLoRa: Framework for LoRa. Available online: https://flora.aalto.fi/ (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  31. Long-range communications in unlicensed bands: The rising stars in the IoT and smart city scenarios. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 2016, 23, 60–67.
  32. Efficient network flooding and time synchronization with glossy. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Chicago, USA, 2011; pp. 73–84.
  33. Multi-hop LoRa networks enabled by concurrent transmission. IEEE Access 2017, 5, 21430–21446.
  34. Monitoring of large-area IoT sensors using a LoRa wireless mesh network system: Design and evaluation. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 2018, 67, 2177–2187.
  35. Evaluation of a LoRa mesh wireless networking system supporting time-critical transmission and data lost recovery. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Montreal, Canada, 2019; pp. 317–318.
  36. LoRa for the Internet of Things. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks; Junction Publishing: USA, 2016; pp. 361–366.
  37. Design and performance evaluation of a LoRa-based mobile emergency management system (LOCATE). Ad. Hoc. Netw. 2020, 96, 101993.
  38. A multi-hop LoRa linear sensor network for the monitoring of underground environments: the case of the Medieval Aqueducts in Siena, Italy. Sensors 2019, 19, 402.
  39. Multi-Hop LoRa Network Protocol with Minimized Latency. Energies 2020, 13, 1368.
  40. Establishing transparent IPv6 communication on LoRa based low power wide area networks (LPWANS). In Proceedings of the 2017 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS), Chicago, USA, 2017; pp. 1–6.
  41. Enabling RPL multihop communications based on LoRa. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 13th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), Rome, Italy, 2017; pp. 1–8.
  42. KRATOS: An Open Source Hardware-Software Platform for Rapid Research in LPWANs. In Proceedings of the 2018 14th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), Limassol, Cyprus, 2018; pp. 1–4.
  43. HARE: Supporting efficient uplink multi-hop communications in self-organizing LPWANs. Sensors 2018, 18, 115.
  44. Contiki-NG. Contiki-NG: The OS for Next Generation IoT Devices Available online: https://github.com/contiki-ng/contiki-ng (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  45. Towards Energy Efficient LoRa Multihop Networks. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN), Paris, France, 2019; pp. 1–3.
  46. Pycom. PyMesh Available online: https://docs.pycom.io/firmwareapi/pycom/network/lora/pymesh/ (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  47. Wildfire Detection using Wireless Mesh Network. In Proceedings of the 2019 Fourth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC), Rome, Italy, 2019; pp. 229–234.
  48. LoRaWAN multi-hop uplink extension. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2018, 130, 424–431.
  49. Synchronous LoRa mesh network to monitor processes in underground infrastructure. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 57663–57677.
  50. LoRa-based Mesh Network for IoT Applications. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 5th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Limerick, Ireland, 2019; pp. 524–527.
  51. A routing protocol for LoRa mesh networks. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 19th International Symposium on “A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks” (WoWMoM), Chania, Greece, 2018; pp. 14–19.
  52. Multihop Gateway-to-Gateway Communication Protocol for LoRa Networks. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Melbourne, Australia, 2019; pp. 949–954.
  53. An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, New York, USA, 2002; Volume 3, pp. 1567–1576.
  54. An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, Los Angeles, USA, 2003; pp. 171–180.
  55. AEEMAC: Adaptive energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual IEEE India Conference, Hyderabad, India, 2011; pp. 1–6.
  56. A lightweight medium access protocol (LMAC) for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st Int. Workshop on Networked Sensing Systems (INSS 2004), Tokio, Japan, 2004.
  57. WiseMAC: An ultra low power MAC protocol for multi-hop wireless sensor networks. In International Symposium on Algorithms and Experiments for Sensor Systems, Wireless Networks and Distributed Robotics; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2004; pp. 18–31.
  58. Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, Baltimore, USA, 2004; pp. 95–107.
  59. PMAC: an adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Denver, USA, 2005; pp. 8–pp.
  60. X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, Boulder, USA, 2006; pp. 307–320.
  61. AS-MAC: An asynchronous scheduled MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2008 5th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems, Atlanta, USA, 2008; pp. 434–441.
  62. RI-MAC: a receiver-initiated asynchronous duty cycle MAC protocol for dynamic traffic loads in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems, Raleigh, USA, 2008; pp. 1–14.
  63. PW-MAC: An energy-efficient predictive-wakeup MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE INFOCOM, Shanghai, China, 2011; pp. 1305–1313.
  64. On the coverage of LPWANs: range evaluation and channel attenuation model for LoRa technology. In Proceedings of the 2015 14th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST), Copenhagen, Denmark, 2015; pp. 55–59.
  65. Semtech. SX1276 | 137 MHz to 1020 MHz Long Range Low Power Transceiver. Available online: https://www.semtech.com/products/wireless-rf/lora-transceivers/sx1276 (accessed on December 1st, 2020).
  66. Improving the capacity of a mesh LoRa network by spreading-factor-based network clustering. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 21584–21596.
Citations (14)
View on Semantic Scholar

Summary

We haven't generated a summary for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Summarize Now

Whiteboard

Open Problems

We haven't generated a list of open problems mentioned in this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Generate Now

Continue Learning

We haven't generated follow-up questions for this paper yet.

Ai Sparkles Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Generate Now

Collections

Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.

User Circle Single Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com Sign Up