A strengthened Kadison's transitivity theorem for unital JB$^*$-algebras with applications to the Mazur--Ulam property

Abstract: The principal result in this note is a strengthened version of Kadison's transitivity theorem for unital JB$^*$-algebras, showing that for each minimal tripotent $e$ in the bidual, $\mathfrak{A}^{**}$, of a unital JB$^*$-algebra $\mathfrak{A}$, there exists a self-adjoint element $h$ in $\mathfrak{A}$ satisfying $e\leq \exp(ih)$, that is, $e$ is bounded by a unitary in the principal connected component of the unitary elements in $\mathfrak{A}$. This new result opens the way to attack new geometric results, for example, a Russo--Dye type theorem for maximal norm closed proper faces of the closed unit ball of $\mathfrak{A}$ asserting that each such face $F$ of $\mathfrak{A}$ coincides with the norm closed convex hull of the unitaries of $\mathfrak{A}$ which lie in $F$. Another geometric property derived from our results proves that every surjective isometry from the unit sphere of a unital JB$^*$-algebra $\mathfrak{A}$ onto the unit sphere of any other Banach space is affine on every maximal proper face. As a final application we show that every unital JB$^*$-algebra $\mathfrak{A}$ satisfies the Mazur--Ulam property, that is, every surjective isometry from the unit sphere of $\mathfrak{A}$ onto the unit sphere of any other Banach space $Y$ admits an extension to a surjective real linear isometry from $\mathfrak{A}$ onto $Y$. This extends a result of M. Mori and N. Ozawa who have proved the same for unital C$^*$-algebras.