Convergence of Adapted Empirical Measures on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$

Abstract: We consider empirical measures of $\R^{d}$-valued stochastic process in finite discrete-time. We show that the adapted empirical measure introduced in the recent work \cite{backhoff2022estimating} by Backhoff et al. in compact spaces can be defined analogously on $\R^{d}$, and that it converges almost surely to the underlying measure under the adapted Wasserstein distance. Moreover, we quantitatively analyze the convergence of the adapted Wasserstein \add{distance} between those two measures. We establish convergence rates of the expected error as well as the deviation error under different moment conditions. \add{Under suitable integrability and kernel assumptions, we recover the optimal convergence rates of both expected error and deviation error.} Furthermore, we propose a modification of the adapted empirical measure with \add{projection} on a non-uniform grid, which obtains the same convergence rate but under weaker assumptions.