Prediction of lung and colon cancer through analysis of histopathological images by utilizing Pre-trained CNN models with visualization of class activation and saliency maps

Abstract: Colon and Lung cancer is one of the most perilous and dangerous ailments that individuals are enduring worldwide and has become a general medical problem. To lessen the risk of death, a legitimate and early finding is particularly required. In any case, it is a truly troublesome task that depends on the experience of histopathologists. If a histologist is under-prepared it may even hazard the life of a patient. As of late, deep learning has picked up energy, and it is being valued in the analysis of Medical Imaging. This paper intends to utilize and alter the current pre-trained CNN-based model to identify lung and colon cancer utilizing histopathological images with better augmentation techniques. In this paper, eight distinctive Pre-trained CNN models, VGG16, NASNetMobile, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, ResNet50, Xception, MobileNet, and DenseNet169 are trained on LC25000 dataset. The model performances are assessed on precision, recall, f1score, accuracy, and auroc score. The results exhibit that all eight models accomplished noteworthy results ranging from 96% to 100% accuracy. Subsequently, GradCAM and SmoothGrad are also used to picture the attention images of Pre-trained CNN models classifying malignant and benign images.