Sharp stability for the interaction energy

Abstract: This paper is devoted to stability estimates for the interaction energy with strictly radially decreasing interaction potentials, such as the Coulomb and Riesz potentials. For a general density function, we first prove a stability estimate in terms of the $L^1$ asymmetry of the density, extending some previous results by Burchard-Chambers, Frank-Lieb and Fusco-Pratelli for characteristic functions. We also obtain a stability estimate in terms of the 2-Wasserstein distance between the density and its radial decreasing rearrangement. Finally, we consider the special case of Newtonian potential, and address a conjecture by Guo on the stability for the Coulomb energy.