Measurement on the cosmic curvature using the Gaussian process method

Abstract: Inflation predicts that the Universe is spatially flat. The Planck 2018 measurements of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy favour a spatially closed universe at more than 2$\sigma$ confidence level. We use model independent methods to study the issue of cosmic curvature. The method reconstructs the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ from cosmic chronometers data with the Gaussian process method. The distance modulus is then calculated with the reconstructed function $H(z)$ and fitted by type Ia supernovae data. Combining the cosmic chronometers and type Ia supernovae data, we obtain $\Omega_{k0}h^2=0.102\pm 0.066$ which is consistent with a spatially flat universe at the 2$\sigma$ confidence level. By adding the redshift space distortions data to the type Ia supernovae data with a proposed novel model independent method, we obtain $\Omega_{k0}h^2=0.117^{+0.058}_{-0.045}$ and no deviation from $\Lambda$CDM model is found.