Detection of two bright radio bursts from magnetar SGR 1935+2154 (2007.05101v2)

Abstract: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration, bright radio signals (fluence $\mathrm{0.1 - 100\,Jy\,ms}$) emitted from extragalactic sources of unknown physical origin. The recent CHIME/FRB and STARE2 detection of an extremely bright (fluence $\sim$MJy$\,$ms) radio burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR~1935$+$2154 supports the hypothesis that (at least some) FRBs are emitted by magnetars at cosmological distances. In follow-up observations totalling 522.7$\,$hrs on source, we detect two bright radio bursts with fluences of $112\pm22\mathrm{\,Jy\,ms}$ and $24\pm5\mathrm{\,Jy\,ms}$, respectively. Both bursts appear affected by interstellar scattering and we measure significant linear and circular polarisation for the fainter burst. The bursts are separated in time by $\sim$1.4$\,$s, suggesting a non-Poissonian, clustered emission process -- similar to what has been seen in some repeating FRBs. Together with the burst reported by CHIME/FRB and STARE2, as well as a much fainter burst seen by FAST (fluence 60$\mathrm{\,mJy\,ms}$), our observations demonstrate that SGR 1935+2154 can produce bursts with apparent energies spanning roughly seven orders of magnitude, and that the burst rate is comparable across this range. This raises the question of whether these four bursts arise from similar physical processes, and whether the FRB population distribution extends to very low energies ($\sim10^{30}\,$erg, isotropic equivalent).