A multiplicative coalescent with asynchronous multiple mergers (1709.01896v2)

Abstract: We define a Markov process on the partitions of $[n]={1,\ldots,n}$ by drawing a sample in $[n]$ at each time of a Poisson process, by merging blocks that contain one of these points and by leaving all other blocks unchanged. This coalescent process appears in the study of the connected components of random graph processes in which connected subgraphs are added over time with probabilities that depend only on their size. First, we determine the asymptotic distribution of the coalescent time. Then, we define a Bienayme-Galton-Watson (BGW) process such that its total population size dominates the block size of an element. We compute a bound for the distance between the total population size distribution and the block size distribution at a time proportional to $n$. As a first application of this result, we establish the coagulation equations associated with this coalescent process. As a second application, we estimate the size of the largest block in the subcritical and supercritical regimes as well as in the critical window.