Dynamic Switching Networks: A Dynamic, Non-local, and Time-independent Approach to Emergence

Abstract: The concept of emergence is a powerful concept to explain very complex behaviour by simple underling rules. Existing approaches of producing emergent collective behaviour have many limitations making them unable to account for the complexity we see in the real world. In this paper we propose a new dynamic, non-local, and time independent approach that uses a network like structure to implement the laws or the rules, where the mathematical equations representing the rules are converted to a series of switching decisions carried out by the network on the particles moving in the network. The proposed approach is used to generate patterns with different types of symmetry.