Proximity effect and Ising superconductivity in superconductor/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures

Abstract: Recently, it was experimentally realized that 2D superconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) such as gated MoS$2$ and monolayer NbSe$_2$ have in-plane upper critical magnetic fields much higher than the Pauli limit. This is due to the so-called Ising spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of TMD which pins the electron spins along the out-of-plane directions and protects the Cooper pairs from in-plane magnetic fields. However, many TMD materials with extremely large Ising SOC, in the order of a few hundred meV, are not superconducting. In this work, we show that TMD materials can induce strong Ising SOC on ordinary $s$-wave superconductors through proximity effect. By solving the self-consistent gap equation of the TMD/superconductor heterostructure, we found that the $H{c2}$ of the $s$-wave superconductor can be strongly enhanced. Importantly, when the in-plane field is larger than the Pauli limit field and weaker than $H_{c2}$, the heterostructure becomes a nodal topological superconductor which supports Majorana flat bands.