Topological quantum phase transitions in the spin-singlet superconductor with Rashba and Dresselhaus (110) spin-orbit couplings

Abstract: We examine the topological properties of a spin-singlet superconductor with Rashba and Dresselhaus (110) spin-orbit couplings. We demonstrate that there are several topological invariants in the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian by symmetry analysis. We use the Pfaffian invariant $\mathcal{P}$ for the particle-hole symmetry to demonstrate all the possible phase diagrams of the BdG Hamiltonian. We find that the edge spectrum is either Dirac cone or flat band which supports the emergence of the Majorana fermion in this system. For the Majorana flat bands, a higher symmetric BdG Hamiltonian is needed to make them topologically stable. The Pfaffian invariant $\mathcal{P}(k_{y})$ and the winding number $\mathcal{W}(k_{y})$ are used in determining the location of the Majorana flat bands.