The power series expansion of Mathieu function and its integral formalism (1303.0820v10)

Abstract: Mathieu ordinary differential equation is of Fuchsian types with the two regular and one irregular singularities. In contrast, Heun equation of Fuchsian types has the four regular singularities. Heun equation has the four kind of confluent forms: (1) Confluent Heun (two regular and one irregular singularities), (2) Doubly confluent Heun (two irregular singularities), (3) Biconfluent Heun (one regular and one irregular singularities), (4) Triconfluent Heun equations (one irregular singularity). Mathieu equation in algebraic forms is also derived from the Confluent Heun equation by changing all coefficients. In this paper I apply three term recurrence formula [arXiv:1303.0806] to the power series expansion in closed forms of Mathieu equation for infinite series and its integral forms including all higher terms of A_n's. One interesting observation resulting from the calculations is the fact that a modified Bessel function recurs in each of sub-integral forms: the first sub-integral form contains zero term of A_n's, the second one contains one term of A_n's, the third one contains two terms of A_n's, etc. Section 5 contains two additional examples of Mathieu function. This paper is 5th out of 10 in series "Special functions and three term recurrence formula (3TRF)". See section 6 for all the papers in the series. Previous paper in series deals with asymptotic behavior of Heun function and its integral formalism [arXiv:1303.0876]. The next paper in the series describes the power series expansion in closed forms of Lame equation in the algebraic form and its integral forms [arXiv:1303.0873].