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Constructing $x^2$ for primes $p=ax^2+by^2$

Published 17 Dec 2010 in math.NT | (1012.3919v1)

Abstract: Let $a$ and $b$ be positive integers and let $p$ be an odd prime such that $p=ax2+by2$ for some integers $x$ and $y$. Let $\lambda(a,b;n)$ be given by $q\prod_{k=1}\infty (1-q{ak})3(1-q{bk})3 = \sum_{n=1}\infty \lambda(a,b;n)qn$. In the paper, using Jacobi's identity $\prod_{n=1}\infty (1-qn)3 = \sum_{k=0}\infty (-1)k(2k+1)q{\frac{k(k+1)}2}$ we construct $x2$ in terms of $\lambda(a,b;n)$. For example, if $2\nmid ab$ and $p\nmid ab(ab+1)$, then $(-1){\frac{a+b}2x+\frac{b+1}2}(4ax2-2p) = \lambda(a,b;((ab+1)p-a-b)/8+1)$. We also give formulas for $\lambda(1,3;n+1),\lambda(1,7;2n+1)$, $\lambda(3,5;2n+1)$ and $\lambda(1,15;4n+1)$.

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