On subordinated semigroups and Hardy spaces associated to fractional powers of operators (2502.01095v1)

Abstract: Let $L$ be a positive self-adjoint operator on $L^2(X)$, where $X$ is a $\sigma$-finite metric measure space. When $\alpha \in (0,1)$, the subordinated semigroup ${\exp(-tL^{\alpha}):t \in \mathbb{R}^+}$ can be defined on $L^2(X)$ and extended to $L^p(X)$. We prove various results about the semigroup ${\exp(-tL^{\alpha}):t \in \mathbb{R}^+}$, under different assumptions on $L$. These include the weak type $(1,1)$ boundedness of the maximal operator $f \mapsto \sup _{t\in \mathbb{R}^+}\exp(-tL^{\alpha})f$ and characterisations of Hardy spaces associated to the operator $L$ by the area integral and vertical square function.