On solvability of linear differential equations in finite terms (2412.18062v2)

Abstract: We consider the problem of solvability of linear differential equations over a differential field~$K$. We introduce a class of special differential field extensions, which widely generalizes the classical class of extensions of differential fields by integrals and by exponentials of integrals and which has similar properties. We announce the following result: if a linear differential equation over $K$ can not be solved by generalized quadratures, then no special extension can help solve it. In the paper we prove a weaker version of this result in which we consider only pure transcendental extensions of $K$. Our paper is self-contained and understandable for beginners. It demonstrates the power of Liouville's original approach to problems of solvability of equations in finite terms.