An extension of Petek-Šemrl preserver theorems for Jordan embeddings of structural matrix algebras (2411.11092v3)

Abstract: Let $M_n$ be the algebra of $n \times n$ complex matrices and $\mathcal{T}_n \subseteq M_n$ the corresponding upper-triangular subalgebra. In their influential work, Petek and \v{S}emrl characterize Jordan automorphisms of $M_n$ and $\mathcal{T}_n$, when $n \geq 3$, as (injective in the case of $\mathcal{T}_n$) continuous commutativity and spectrum preserving maps $\phi : M_n \to M_n$ and $\phi : \mathcal{T}_n \to \mathcal{T}_n$. Recently, in a joint work with Petek, the authors extended this characterization to the maps $\phi : \mathcal{A} \to M_n$, where $\mathcal{A}$ is an arbitrary subalgebra of $M_n$ that contains $\mathcal{T}_n$. In particular, any such map $\phi$ is a Jordan embedding and hence of the form $\phi(X)=TXT^{-1}$ or $\phi(X)=TX^tT^{-1}$, for some invertible matrix $T\in M_n$. In this paper we further extend the aforementioned results in the context of structural matrix algebras (SMAs), i.e. subalgebras $\mathcal{A}$ of $M_n$ that contain all diagonal matrices. More precisely, we provide both a necessary and sufficient condition for an SMA $\mathcal{A}\subseteq M_n$ such that any injective continuous commutativity and spectrum preserving map $\phi: \mathcal{A} \to M_n$ is necessarily a Jordan embedding. In contrast to the previous cases, such maps $\phi$ no longer need to be multiplicative/antimultiplicative, nor rank-one preservers.