Benefits of V2V communication in connected and autonomous vehicles in the presence of delays in communicated signals (2404.08879v2)
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the effect of signal delay in communicated information in connected and autonomous vehicles. In particular, we relate this delay's effect on the selection of the time headway in predecessor-follower type vehicle platooning with a constant time headway policy (CTHP). We employ a CTHP control law for each vehicle in the platoon by considering two cases: cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) strategy where information from only one predecessor vehicle is employed and CACC+ where information from multiple predecessor vehicles is employed. We investigate how the lower bound on the time headway is affected by signal transmission delay due to wireless communication. We provide a systematic approach to the derivation of the lower bound of the time headway and selection of the appropriate CTHP controller gains for predecessor acceleration, velocity error and spacing error which will ensure robust string stability of the platoon under the presence of signal delay. We corroborate the main result with numerical simulations.
- G. Ma, P. R. Pagilla, and S. Darbha, “The effect of signal noise and latency in communicated acceleration on time headway in vehicle platooning,” in 2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2023, pp. 4532–4537.
- J. B. Kenney, “Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) standards in the United States,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 99, no. 7, pp. 1162–1182, 2011.
- R. Molina-Masegosa and J. Gozalvez, “System level evaluation of lte-v2v mode 4 communications and its distributed scheduling,” in 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2017, pp. 1–5.
- M. H. C. Garcia, A. Molina-Galan, M. Boban, J. Gozalvez, B. Coll-Perales, T. Şahin, and A. Kousaridas, “A tutorial on 5G NR V2X communications,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1972–2026, 2021.
- A. Vinel, L. Lan, and N. Lyamin, “Vehicle-to-vehicle communication in c-acc/platooning scenarios,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 192–197, 2015.
- S. Darbha, S. Konduri, and P. R. Pagilla, “Benefits of V2V communication for autonomous and connected vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1954–1963, 2018.
- D. Swaroop and J. K. Hedrick, “Constant Spacing Strategies for Platooning in Automated Highway Systems,” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 462–470, 09 1999.
- G. Rödönyi, “Heterogeneous string stability of unidirectionally interconnected mimo lti systems,” Automatica, vol. 103, pp. 354–362, 2019.
- S. Knorn, A. Donaire, J. C. Agüero, and R. H. Middleton, “Scalability of bidirectional vehicle strings with static and dynamic measurement errors,” Automatica, vol. 62, pp. 208–212, 2015.
- S. Konduri, P. R. Pagilla, and S. Darbha, “A Combinatorial Approach for Developing Ring Communication Graphs for Vehicle Formations,” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, vol. 139, no. 10, 06 2017.
- M. Garg and M. Bouroche, “Can connected autonomous vehicles improve mixed traffic safety without compromising efficiency in realistic scenarios?” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 6674–6689, 2023.
- G. An and A. Talebpour, “Vehicle platooning for merge coordination in a connected driving environment: A hybrid acc-dmpc approach,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 5239–5248, 2023.
- E. Hyeon, T. Ersal, Y. Kim, and A. G. Stefanopoulou, “Loss function design for data-driven predictors to enhance the energy efficiency of connected and automated vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 827–837, 2023.
- Y. Lin, A. Tiwari, B. Fabien, and S. Devasia, “Constant-spacing connected platoons with robustness to communication delays,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 3370–3382, 2023.
- A. Matin and H. Dia, “Impacts of connected and automated vehicles on road safety and efficiency: A systematic literature review,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 2705–2736, 2023.
- S. Darbha, S. Konduri, and P. R. Pagilla, “Vehicle platooning with constant spacing strategies and multiple vehicle look ahead information,” IET Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 589–600, 2020.
- V. Vegamoor, S. Rathinam, and S. Darbha, “String stability of connected vehicle platoons under lossy V2V communication,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 8834–8845, 2022.
- J. Ploeg, D. P. Shukla, N. van de Wouw, and H. Nijmeijer, “Controller synthesis for string stability of vehicle platoons,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 854–865, 2014.
- H. Xing, J. Ploeg, and H. Nijmeijer, “Smith predictor compensating for vehicle actuator delays in cooperative acc systems,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 1106–1115, 2019.
- J. Ploeg, N. van de Wouw, and H. Nijmeijer, “Lp string stability of cascaded systems: Application to vehicle platooning,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 786–793, 2014.
- G. J. L. Naus, R. P. A. Vugts, J. Ploeg, M. J. G. van de Molengraft, and M. Steinbuch, “String-stable cacc design and experimental validation: A frequency-domain approach,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 4268–4279, 2010.
- G. F. Silva, A. Donaire, A. McFadyen, and J. J. Ford, “String stable integral control design for vehicle platoons with disturbances,” Automatica, vol. 127, p. 109542, 2021.
- R. Rajamani and C. Zhu, “Semi-autonomous adaptive cruise control systems,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1186–1192, 2002.
- Y. Li, Z. Zhong, Y. Song, Q. Sun, H. Sun, S. Hu, and Y. Wang, “Longitudinal platoon control of connected vehicles: Analysis and verification,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 4225–4235, 2022.
- B. Chalaki and A. A. Malikopoulos, “Time-optimal coordination for connected and automated vehicles at adjacent intersections,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 13 330–13 345, 2022.
- G. Guo, J. Kang, H. Lei, and D. Li, “Finite-time stabilization of a collection of connected vehicles subject to communication interruptions,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 10 627–10 635, 2022.
- B. Besselink and K. H. Johansson, “String stability and a delay-based spacing policy for vehicle platoons subject to disturbances,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 4376–4391, 2017.
- J. I. Ge and G. Orosz, “Connected cruise control among human-driven vehicles: Experiment-based parameter estimation and optimal control design,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 95, pp. 445–459, 2018.
- Y. Bian, Y. Zheng, W. Ren, S. E. Li, J. Wang, and K. Li, “Reducing time headway for platooning of connected vehicles via v2v communication,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 102, pp. 87–105, 2019.
- G. Fiengo, D. G. Lui, A. Petrillo, S. Santini, and M. Tufo, “Distributed robust pid control for leader tracking in uncertain connected ground vehicles with v2v communication delay,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1153–1165, 2019.
- J. Jiang, A. Astolfi, and T. Parisini, “Robust traffic wave damping via shared control,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 128, p. 103110, 2021.
- J. Lan, D. Zhao, and D. Tian, “Data-driven robust predictive control for mixed vehicle platoons using noisy measurement,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp. 1–11, 2021.
- L. Jin, M. Čičić, K. H. Johansson, and S. Amin, “Analysis and design of vehicle platooning operations on mixed-traffic highways,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 4715–4730, 2021.
- M. Huang, Z.-P. Jiang, and K. Ozbay, “Learning-based adaptive optimal control for connected vehicles in mixed traffic: Robustness to driver reaction time,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 5267–5277, 2022.
- L. Hua, W. Wei, H. Dourra, and G. G. Zhu, “Minimal energy transient motion control of electrical connected vehicles,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 2116–2124, 2022.
- W. Scholte, P. Zegelaar, and H. Nijmeijer, “A control strategy for merging a single vehicle into a platoon at highway on-ramps,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 136, p. 103511, 2022.
- J. Shen, E. K. H. Kammara, and L. Du, “Fully distributed optimization-based cav platooning control under linear vehicle dynamics,” Transportation Science, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 381–403, 2022.
- E. Abolfazli, B. Besselink, and T. Charalambous, “On time headway selection in platoons under the mpf topology in the presence of communication delays,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 8881–8894, 2022.
- M. D. Ankem and S. Darbha, “Effect of heterogeneity in time headway on error propagation in vehicular strings,” in 2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC), 2019, pp. 2612–2619.
- S. Gong and L. Du, “Cooperative platoon control for a mixed traffic flow including human drive vehicles and connected and autonomous vehicles,” Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, vol. 116, pp. 25–61, 2018.
- S. Konduri, “Robust string stability of vehicle platoons with communication,” Ph.D. dissertation, 2017.
- D. V. A. H. G. Swaroop, “String stability of interconnected systems: An application to platooning in automated highway systems,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 1994.