Birkhoff--James orthogonality of operators in semi-Hilbertian spaces and its applications (1905.04078v1)

Abstract: In this paper, the concept of Birkhoff--James orthogonality of operators on a Hilbert space is generalized when a semi-inner product is considered. More precisely, for linear operators $T$ and $S$ on a complex Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, a new relation $T\perp^B_A S$ is defined if $T$ and $S$ are bounded with respect to the seminorm induced by a positive operator $A$ satisfying ${|T + \gamma S|}A\geq {|T|}_A$ for all $\gamma \in \mathbb{C}$. We extend a theorem due to R. Bhatia and P. \v{S}emrl, by proving that $T\perp^B_A S$ if and only if there exists a sequence of $A$-unit vectors ${x_n}$ in $\mathcal{H}$ such that $\displaystyle{\lim{n\rightarrow +\infty}}{|Tx_n|}A = {|T|}_A$ and $\displaystyle{\lim{n\rightarrow +\infty}}{\langle Tx_n, Sx_n\rangle}A = 0$. In addition, we give some $A$-distance formulas. Particularly, we prove \begin{align*} \displaystyle{\inf{\gamma \in \mathbb{C}}}{|T + \gamma S|}{A} = \sup\Big{|{\langle Tx, y\rangle}_A|; \, {|x|}{A} = {|y|}_{A} = 1, \, {\langle Sx, y\rangle}_A = 0\Big}. \end{align*} Some other related results are also discussed.