A nonparametric Bayesian analysis of independent and identically distributed observations of covariate-driven Poisson processes (2509.02299v1)

Abstract: An important task in the statistical analysis of inhomogeneous point processes is to investigate the influence of a set of covariates on the point-generating mechanism. In this article, we consider the nonparametric Bayesian approach to this problem, assuming that $n$ independent and identically distributed realizations of the point pattern and the covariate random field are available. In many applications, different covariates are often vastly diverse in physical nature, resulting in anisotropic intensity functions whose variations along distinct directions occur at different smoothness levels. To model this scenario, we employ hierarchical prior distributions based on multi-bandwidth Gaussian processes. We prove that the resulting posterior distributions concentrate around the ground truth at optimal rate as $n\to\infty$, and achieve automatic adaptation to the anisotropic smoothness. Posterior inference is concretely implemented via a Metropolis-within-Gibbs Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that incorporates a dimension-robust sampling scheme to handle the functional component of the proposed nonparametric Bayesian model. Our theoretical results are supported by extensive numerical simulation studies. Further, we present an application to the analysis of a Canadian wildfire dataset.