Extending Generalized Splines Over The Integers (2505.04342v1)

Abstract: Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $G$ a graph. \emph{An extending generalized spline} on $G$ is a vertex labeling $f \in \prod_{v} M_v$ such that at each edge $e=uv$ there is an $R$-module $M_{uv}$ together with homomorphisms $ \varphi_u : M_u \to M_{uv}$ and $ \varphi_v : M_v \to M_{uv}$ for each vertex $u, v$ incident to the edge $e$ so that $\varphi_u(f_u)=\varphi_v(f_v).$ Extending generalized splines are further generalizations for generalized splines. They can also be considered as generalized splines over modules. The main goal of this paper is to study the $R$-module structure of extending generalized splines. We concentrate on two following questions: which of the results for general splines extend to generalized splines over modules and if there is an algorithm or an explicit formula for special basis classes, called a flow up basis, for generalized splines over modules. We show that certain results concerning generalized splines can be extended to a setting where each vertex $v$ is assigned a module $M_v=m_v\mathbb Z$. We provide an algorithm to construct a special basis for generalized splines over these modules on paths. Additionally, we introduce a new technique to construct a flow-up basis on arbitrary graphs using the idea of an algorithm on paths.