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VideoOrion: Tokenizing Object Dynamics in Videos (2411.16156v2)

Published 25 Nov 2024 in cs.CV and cs.LG

Abstract: We present VideoOrion, a Video LLM (Video-LLM) that explicitly captures the key semantic information in videos - the spatial-temporal dynamics of objects throughout the videos. VideoOrion employs expert vision models to extract object dynamics through a detect-segment-track pipeline, encoding them into a set of object tokens by aggregating spatial-temporal object features. Our method addresses the persistent challenge in Video-LLMs of efficiently compressing high-dimensional video data into semantic tokens that are comprehensible to LLMs. Compared to prior methods which resort to downsampling the original video or aggregating visual tokens using resamplers, leading to information loss and entangled semantics, VideoOrion not only offers a more natural and efficient way to derive compact, disentangled semantic representations but also enables explicit object modeling of video content with minimal computational cost. Moreover, the introduced object tokens naturally allow VideoOrion to accomplish video-based referring tasks. Experimental results show that VideoOrion can learn to make good use of the object tokens, and achieves competitive results on both general video question answering and video-based referring benchmarks.

Summary

  • The paper introduces an object-centric tokenization approach that shifts video representation from global downsampling to detailed object tokenization.
  • It employs a detect-segment-track pipeline and a dual-branch architecture to capture spatial-temporal object dynamics efficiently.
  • Empirical evaluations demonstrate enhanced granularity and efficiency in video tasks, paving the way for future innovations in video-LLMs.

VideoOrion: Tokenizing Object Dynamics in Videos

The paper "VideoOrion: Tokenizing Object Dynamics in Videos" introduces a novel approach in the domain of Video LLMs (Video-LLMs), with a focus on addressing the complexities associated with capturing and processing spatial-temporal dynamics in videos. The essence of this research lies in a shift from traditional video tokenization methods to an object-centric approach, positioning the dynamics of objects as the fundamental unit for tokenization. This methodological pivot aids in meeting the inherent challenges faced by Video-LLMs when dealing with high-dimensional video inputs.

Video-Oriented LLMs: Challenges and Approaches

Video-LLMs extend the conventional capabilities of LLMs by incorporating visual modalities, thereby enabling a multi-modal comprehension that spans both text and video inputs. The crux of the problem with video inputs resides in their volumetric data and complex semantics, which traditional tokenization techniques have struggled to encapsulate efficiently. Typically, these methods rely on downsampling or spatial pooling, compromising semantic richness and often resulting in loss during frame aggregation. VideoOrion circumvents these pitfalls by proposing object tokens that offer a more semantically disentangled representation of video content.

The Proposed Framework: VideoOrion

VideoOrion capitalizes on the spatial-temporal dynamics of objects throughout videos by leveraging an expert vision model to generate a set of object tokens. It employs a sophisticated detect-segment-track pipeline which utilizes several specialized vision models. This pipeline effectively extracts object dynamics by initially detecting object regions, then segmenting these regions into refined masks, and finally tracking them across frames to encapsulate their temporal dynamics. This not only provides a granular understanding of object behavior over time but also minimizes computational costs compared to conventional methods.

The architecture of VideoOrion is composed of two distinct branches: the Video-Centric Branch and the Object-Centric Branch. The Video-Centric Branch employs a video projector to extract general video context while the Object-Centric Branch is designed to extract object tokens, which carry temporally aggregated semantic information about specific objects within the video. This dual-branch approach allows VideoOrion to integrate both general context and detailed object-centric data, thereby enhancing the comprehensiveness of video understanding.

Empirical Evaluation and Implications

Empirical evaluations of VideoOrion demonstrate its competitive performance across numerous benchmarks on video understanding tasks. It achieves notable success on tasks such as general video question answering and video-based referring tasks. Careful architectural choices, such as utilizing an MLP-based object projector over other potential architectures, underscore the balance between performance efficiency and semantic richness in tokenization.

The implications of this research are manifold. Practically, VideoOrion enhances the granularity and accuracy of video comprehension tasks, which can be beneficial for applications requiring detailed object tracking and behavior analysis. Theoretically, this object-centric tokenization could steer future research towards refining video-LLM models that accommodate object-level granularity without incurring substantial additional computational overheads.

Future Trajectories

The paper hints at several future research directions. To begin with, improving the integration between the Video-Centric and Object-Centric branches could lead to models with more seamless cross-modal capabilities. Furthermore, extending the object tokenization approach to accommodate more complex multi-object interactions might be an area ripe for exploration, potentially involving more sophisticated temporal fusion techniques.

Conclusion

VideoOrion presents a significant stride in capturing video semantics via a novel object-centric tokenization framework. By anchoring video semantics in object dynamics, it redefines the modalities of video data processing in Video-LLMs, promising enhanced efficiency and understanding in both theoretical and practical vistas. As the framework continues to evolve, it portends an exciting frontier in the intelligent processing of multi-modal data, particularly in applications where detailed semantic extraction from videos is paramount.

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