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Robust Estimation for Kernel Exponential Families with Smoothed Total Variation Distances (2410.20760v1)

Published 28 Oct 2024 in stat.ML and cs.LG

Abstract: In statistical inference, we commonly assume that samples are independent and identically distributed from a probability distribution included in a pre-specified statistical model. However, such an assumption is often violated in practice. Even an unexpected extreme sample called an {\it outlier} can significantly impact classical estimators. Robust statistics studies how to construct reliable statistical methods that efficiently work even when the ideal assumption is violated. Recently, some works revealed that robust estimators such as Tukey's median are well approximated by the generative adversarial net (GAN), a popular learning method for complex generative models using neural networks. GAN is regarded as a learning method using integral probability metrics (IPM), which is a discrepancy measure for probability distributions. In most theoretical analyses of Tukey's median and its GAN-based approximation, however, the Gaussian or elliptical distribution is assumed as the statistical model. In this paper, we explore the application of GAN-like estimators to a general class of statistical models. As the statistical model, we consider the kernel exponential family that includes both finite and infinite-dimensional models. To construct a robust estimator, we propose the smoothed total variation (STV) distance as a class of IPMs. Then, we theoretically investigate the robustness properties of the STV-based estimators. Our analysis reveals that the STV-based estimator is robust against the distribution contamination for the kernel exponential family. Furthermore, we analyze the prediction accuracy of a Monte Carlo approximation method, which circumvents the computational difficulty of the normalization constant.

Summary

  • The paper presents a novel estimator that leverages Smoothed Total Variation distances to enhance robustness in kernel exponential families.
  • It integrates GAN-inspired techniques with kernel methods to handle high-dimensional data and mitigate the influence of outliers.
  • Theoretical analysis confirms that the STV-based estimator maintains accuracy with manageable bias, ensuring computational tractability in practical applications.

Robust Estimation for Kernel Exponential Families

The paper "Robust Estimation for Kernel Exponential Families with Smoothed Total Variation Distances" by Kanamori, Yokoyama, and Kawashima provides a comprehensive analysis and novel methodology for robust statistical estimation. The authors address a crucial problem in statistical inference: the impact of outliers on classical estimators under the assumption of independent and identically distributed samples. This research navigates the intricacies of robust statistics using a sophisticated toolset from the field of kernel methods and generative adversarial networks (GANs).

Key Contributions and Methodology

The paper primarily extends the application of GAN-inspired robust estimators to kernel exponential families, which include both finite and infinite-dimensional models. The authors introduce the Smoothed Total Variation (STV) distance as a novel class of Integral Probability Metrics (IPMs) to handle distribution contamination effectively. Through this approach, the research offers a robust estimator resilient to outliers by leveraging the properties of kernel exponential families.

Smoothed Total Variation Distance

The Smoothed Total Variation distance leverages the concept of IPMs but with adjustments to accommodate the nuances of kernel methods. Unlike the standard TV distance, STV provides computational feasibility and smoothness critical for optimization procedures in high-dimensional spaces. It effectively simulates the robustness characteristics of Tukey's median within a broader statistical model.

Robustness Analysis

The robustness of the proposed methods is analyzed theoretically, showing that STV-based estimators withstand contamination in distribution more effectively than classical approaches. The paper supports these claims with thorough mathematical derivations, demonstrating that the bias induced by the smoothing process is manageable and does not significantly detract from estimator accuracy.

Theoretical Implications

On the theoretical front, the paper extends beyond typical Gaussian assumptions, applying robust GAN-like estimators to general statistical models through kernel exponential families. This broader applicability is crucial as it caters to complex real-world data scenarios where traditional assumptions often fail.

Practical Implications and Future Work

Practically, this research offers a framework for developing estimators that are both robust and computationally tractable in the presence of outliers. The integration of kernel methods with robust statistics paves the way for efficient applications in areas requiring high-dimensional data processing.

The paper suggests several avenues for future research, particularly improving the stability and computational efficiency of STV-based learning algorithms. Optimizing algorithms using recent advancements in machine learning could significantly enhance practical applicability.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this paper presents a significant contribution to robust statistical inference by combining kernel methods with smooth robust distances, thereby extending the utility of GAN-based approaches. The thorough theoretical examination and promising implications for practical application ensure its relevance for ongoing developments in robust AI systems.

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