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Explorative Inbetweening of Time and Space (2403.14611v1)

Published 21 Mar 2024 in cs.CV

Abstract: We introduce bounded generation as a generalized task to control video generation to synthesize arbitrary camera and subject motion based only on a given start and end frame. Our objective is to fully leverage the inherent generalization capability of an image-to-video model without additional training or fine-tuning of the original model. This is achieved through the proposed new sampling strategy, which we call Time Reversal Fusion, that fuses the temporally forward and backward denoising paths conditioned on the start and end frame, respectively. The fused path results in a video that smoothly connects the two frames, generating inbetweening of faithful subject motion, novel views of static scenes, and seamless video looping when the two bounding frames are identical. We curate a diverse evaluation dataset of image pairs and compare against the closest existing methods. We find that Time Reversal Fusion outperforms related work on all subtasks, exhibiting the ability to generate complex motions and 3D-consistent views guided by bounded frames. See project page at https://time-reversal.github.io.

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References (1)
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Authors (7)
  1. Haiwen Feng (16 papers)
  2. Zheng Ding (11 papers)
  3. Zhihao Xia (16 papers)
  4. Simon Niklaus (20 papers)
  5. Victoria Abrevaya (7 papers)
  6. Michael J. Black (163 papers)
  7. Xuaner Zhang (15 papers)
Citations (4)

Summary

  • The paper’s main contribution is the introduction of Time Reversal Fusion (TRF) for bounded video generation without additional training.
  • It employs a novel sampling strategy that fuses forward and backward denoising paths to ensure temporal coherence and precise frame alignment.
  • Evaluation on diverse datasets demonstrates superior performance in generating complex motions and 3D-consistent views compared to conventional methods.

Explorative Inbetweening of Time and Space through Time Reversal Fusion

Introduction

The objective of "Explorative Inbetweening of Time and Space" lies in establishing a novel paradigm for video generation, termed as bounded generation. This encompasses the synthesis of arbitrary camera and subject motion based solely on provided start and end frames, leveraging the extensive generalization capacity inherent in image-to-video (I2V) models. Through the newly proposed sampling strategy, Time Reversal Fusion (TRF), the paper accomplishes seamless video generation that bridles this capacity without necessitating additional training or fine-tuning.

Technical Insight and Methodology

At the core of bounded generation is the ability to generate video content that smoothly transitions between two bounding frames, achieving faithful motion representation, novel static scene views, and even seamless looping for identical start and end frames. This is markedly distinct from conventional approaches like frame interpolation or novel view synthesis which are limited by specific motion trajectories or the requirement for extensive scene information.

Time Reversal Fusion (TRF) is introduced as a pivotal methodology. TRF enables the fusion of forward and backward denoising paths—conditioned on the start and end frames respectively—through a novel sampling strategy. It essentially optimizes for a fused path that maintains temporal coherence while ensuring the video culminates precisely with the end frame. This is achieved without the need for pixel correspondence or explicit motion presumption, making TRF an adaptable tool for constrained video generation across disparate contexts.

Dataset and Evaluation

To comprehensively evaluate TRF's efficacy, a diverse evaluation dataset encompassing image pairs capturing dynamic subject motion, static scenes from differing viewpoints, and scenarios conducive to video looping was curated. Comparison against existing methods showed TRF's superior performance across all subtasks. In particular, it demonstrated unparalleled capability in generating complex motions and 3D-consistent views steered by the bounding frames. Moreover, TRF distinguishes itself by being training-free, thus fully harnessing the original I2V model's generalization prowess.

Implications and Future Directions

The implications of this research are twofold. Practically, it unlocks new avenues in video generation tasks by simplifying the control mechanism, allowing for broader creative explorations without cumbersome model retraining or fine-tuning. Theoretically, it enriches our understanding of I2V models' dynamics comprehension, suggesting a promising direction for future studies in generative AI. Specifically, the exploratory nature of TRF can serve as a litmus test for probing the functioning and limitations of existing I2V models, offering insightful cues into their 'mental dynamics.'

Conclusion

In sum, "Explorative Inbetweening of Time and Space" introduces bounded generation as a groundbreaking technique for deploying unrestricted control over video content generated from I2V models. Through the innovative use of Time Reversal Fusion, the research not only showcases significant advancements over current methods but also opens up a fertile ground for both practical applications and theoretical explorations within generative AI. The breadth of generated content, spanning complex motions to nuanced environmental dynamics, underscore the method's versatility and its potential to redefine the landscape of video synthesis.

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