Value Kaleidoscope: Engaging AI with Pluralistic Human Values, Rights, and Duties (2309.00779v2)

Abstract: Human values are crucial to human decision-making. Value pluralism is the view that multiple correct values may be held in tension with one another (e.g., when considering lying to a friend to protect their feelings, how does one balance honesty with friendship?). As statistical learners, AI systems fit to averages by default, washing out these potentially irreducible value conflicts. To improve AI systems to better reflect value pluralism, the first-order challenge is to explore the extent to which AI systems can model pluralistic human values, rights, and duties as well as their interaction. We introduce ValuePrism, a large-scale dataset of 218k values, rights, and duties connected to 31k human-written situations. ValuePrism's contextualized values are generated by GPT-4 and deemed high-quality by human annotators 91% of the time. We conduct a large-scale study with annotators across diverse social and demographic backgrounds to try to understand whose values are represented. With ValuePrism, we build Kaleido, an open, light-weight, and structured language-based multi-task model that generates, explains, and assesses the relevance and valence (i.e., support or oppose) of human values, rights, and duties within a specific context. Humans prefer the sets of values output by our system over the teacher GPT-4, finding them more accurate and with broader coverage. In addition, we demonstrate that Kaleido can help explain variability in human decision-making by outputting contrasting values. Finally, we show that Kaleido's representations transfer to other philosophical frameworks and datasets, confirming the benefit of an explicit, modular, and interpretable approach to value pluralism. We hope that our work will serve as a step to making more explicit the implicit values behind human decision-making and to steering AI systems to make decisions that are more in accordance with them.

Overview of "AAAI Press Formatting Instructions for Authors Using LaTeX A Guide"

The document, titled "AAAI Press Formatting Instructions for Authors Using LaTeX A Guide," provides a detailed and prescriptive guide for authors preparing papers for submission to AAAI (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence) conferences. The guide is extensively thorough, intended to ensure uniformity and compliance with AAAI's publication standards. This is pivotal in maintaining the professional quality and appearance consistently seen across AAAI publications.

Main Content and Requirements

The guide outlines several critical requirements and procedural steps that authors must follow when preparing their submissions:

1. LaTeX Style Files: Authors must utilize the 2024 AAAI Press LaTeX style files, specifically the aaai24.sty file for document formatting and aaai24.bst for bibliography formatting. Strict adherence to this format is mandatory.
2. Document and PDF Specifications: Authors are required to submit papers in PDF format, generated via PDFLaTeX. The PDF must not contain Type 3 fonts, must embed all used fonts, and be fully compliant with specified formatting commands to produce the intended appearance in print. The guide strictly prohibits modifications to the style file.
3. Layout and Appearance: Papers must follow a two-column layout suitable for US letter-sized paper, with predefined margins and non-negotiable spacing for headers, footers, and text bodies.
4. Title and Author Details: Instructions are detailed concerning title case, author affiliations, and related acknowledgments without deviation from prescribed formats.
5. Figures, Tables, and Listings: All illustrative content must be included according to stringent formatting guidelines, ensuring no part extends into the margins. The guide emphasizes pre-processing figures outside of LaTeX to avoid technical issues in recompilation.
6. Restrictions on Commands and Packages: Modifications using specific commands or packages that affect document structure, size, or appearance are explicitly listed as prohibited. This rigorous provision protects the consistency of published materials.
7. Citation and References: The prescribed method for citations uses BibTeX in combination with the aaai24.bst file, ensuring standardized references throughout the publication.
8. Submission Details: Further instructions cover the format and naming conventions for electronic submission files, ensuring smooth integration into AAAI’s systems.

Implications and Future Considerations

This guide serves not only as a framework for individual authors but also sets a standard that influences the broader landscape of academic publication within AI conferences. Uniform formatting profoundly aids in accessibility, readability, and professional presentation. From a practical standpoint, the robust, detail-oriented approach ensures that papers not only meet the aesthetic standards of academic presentation but foster ease of review and dissemination.

Moving forward, this could hint at an increased reliance on standardized templates across other conferences and domains, suggesting a trend towards ubiquitous digital submission practices. As AI continues to evolve, such guidelines will potentially incorporate adaptive or smart formatting technologies, streamlining the submission process further while reducing overhead on compliance verification.

In sum, this document is indispensable for authors targeting AAAI submissions, as it lays an immutable foundation for how research is represented, viewed, and evaluated in the competitive field of artificial intelligence scholarship. The consistent application of these guidelines will undeniably enhance both the quality and perception of the research disseminated through these esteemed channels.